In this article, we’ll unpack the colorful past history of Key West, a city that boasts an exceptionally rich history. Starting from its earliest habitation by Native Americans, through its era as a bustling center for salvage and profits made in the cigar industry, right up to the present day as a popular tourist hotspot. We’ll guide you on ways to explore and deepen your understanding of this city’s fascinating story.
Understanding Key West’s Early History
Key West, also known as the Southernmost point in the United States, has a rich history that dates back to thousands of years. Its unique geographical location coupled with its cultural influences adds to the charm of this island paradise.
Key West’s Discovery and Early Inhabitants
Before it was known as Key West, this tiny island was originally inhabited by the Calusa Native American tribe and was called ‘Cayo Hueso’, meaning Bone Island, due to the bones that were found on the island. It was believed to be an ancient burial ground for the tribe. The island went almost unnoticed until it was discovered by the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon in 1521.
The Role of Native Tribes
The Native American tribes like the Calusa and Tequesta significantly impacted the early history of Key West. They lived off the abundant marine resources, and their influences can still be seen in local arts, cuisine, and lore.
Key West’s Evolution under Spanish Rule
Key West was ruled by the Spanish for almost three centuries. During this period, Key West evolved into a bustling port, thanks to its strategic location on the shipping route from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean.
Key West and the U.S. – The Fusion Begins
Key West’s connection to the U.S. began when it was claimed by John Simonton during a meeting with the Spanish in Havana in 1821.
Acquisition by the U.S.
After winning its independence from Spain, Florida was ceded to the United States in 1821. And with that, Simonton’s claim on Key West was recognized and the island became an official part of the U.S.
Development Phase and Economic Booms
Under U.S. rule, Key West began to develop rapidly. Saloons, shops, homes, and churches sprung up. The scenic beauty of the place turned it into a tourist destination, while its location made it an important naval and shipping hub.
Impact of the American Civil War on Key West
During the American Civil War, Key West remained in Union hands due to its naval importance. However, life on the island was challenging, and the economy was severely affected.
Industries and Economy in the Historical Key West
Key West’s economy has always been closely tied to its coastal location and marine resources.
Historical Significance of Fishing Industry
Fishing, specifically sponge fishing, played a significant role in shaping Key West’s economy. The warm waters were teeming with marine life and the island soon became the hub for sponge fishing in the States.
Rise and Fall of the Cigar Manufacturing
The late 19th century saw an influx of Cuban immigrants to Key West. They brought with them the art of cigar making. The industry flourished until the beginning of the 20th century when competition from Tampa and labor disputes led to its decline.
The Wrecking Industry and its Impact
Wrecking, the act of salvaging goods from shipwrecks, was another significant industry in Key West. This perilous yet profitable profession made Key West one of the wealthiest cities per capita in the U.S. during the 19th century.
Historic Sites and Architecture in Key West
The unique history of Key West can be seen in its beautifully-preserved architectural landmarks and historic sites.
Explore Historic Homes and Structures
Key West is home to many historic homes and structures, such as the Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum, and Harry S. Truman’s Little White House.
Impact and Influence of the Colonial Style Architecture
Colonial-style architecture characterizes many of the historic buildings in Key West. The sloping roofs and sheltered porches, designed to withstand the tropical climate, create a unique and distinctive cityscape.
Historic Districts and Their Significance
The Old Town district holds most of Key West’s historic architecture. Each house, with its wrap-around porches and white picket fences, tells a unique story about the island’s past.
Historical Catastrophes: Weathering the Storms
Like many other coastal areas, Key West has endured multiple natural calamities over the years.
Stories of the Great Fire
In 1886, a great fire destroyed most of the city, burning down homes, churches, and businesses. Despite the devastation, resilient residents quickly rebuilt the city, this time using coral rock and metal roofs to provide better protection against future fires.
The Impact of Hurricanes and Storms
Having faced hurricanes and tropical storms throughout its history, Key West has always shown remarkable resilience. Disasters like the Hurricane of 1935 disrupted life, but the spirit of the Key West residents has always enabled them to bounce back stronger.
Recovery and Resilience through Historical Disasters
Key Westers, colloquially known as “Conchs”, have shown a tremendous ability to rebuild and recover after disasters, reflecting the resilience and tenacity of the island’s people.
Impact of Wars on Key West
Key West has served as a strategic location during several major conflicts, due to its proximity to Cuba and the Caribbean.
Understanding Key West during World War I and II
During both World Wars, Key West served as a naval base and coastal lookout point. Many remnants of these wars, like the concrete bunkers and naval maps, can still be found around the island.
Effect of the Cold War and Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cold War and the Cuban Missile Crisis put Key West on high alert due to its closeness to Cuba. Key West served as a gateway for Cuban refugees seeking to escape Fidel Castro’s regime.
Key West’s Strategic Importance in Conflicts
Through different wars and conflicts, Key West’s strategic geographical location has repeatedly underscored its importance, cementing its place in U.S. military history.
Historical Figures and Key West
Key West’s history includes an array of characters and personalities who have left their mark on the island.
Influential People in Key West’s History
From John Simonton, who pioneered the development of Key West, to Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams who made it their home, to Harry Truman, who used the island as his personal retreat, the history of Key West is graced with influential figures.
Famous Visitors and their Impact
Numerous famous visitors have been drawn to Key West, including President John F. Kennedy and writer Mark Twain. Their visits have added to the island’s charm and reputation as a retreat for artists and intellectuals.
Legacy of Key West’s Pioneers
The legacy of Key West’s pioneers lives on today in the island’s unique culture, architecture, and local folklore.
Key West’s LGBTQ History
Key West is widely recognized as a welcoming and inclusive community, especially for the LGBTQ+ community.
The Emergence and Growth of LGBTQ Community
The LGBTQ+ community found a safe harbor in Key West in the late 20th century. The presence of this community has shaped and enriched the diverse social fabric of Key West.
Significant Events and Landmarks
Key West hosts one of the biggest pride parades in the country, showcasing its strong support for LGBTQ+ rights. Rainbow flags flying high on local businesses signal the accepting and open mindset of the local community.
Impact and Influence of the LGBTQ community on Key West
The LGBTQ+ community has certainly left a positive and lasting impact on Key West. It’s safe to say, the island wouldn’t be the same without them.
Historical Key West in Popular Culture
Key West’s unique charm has attracted artists, writers, and filmmakers, inspiring many cultural works.
Key West in Literature and Film
Several novels, poems, and films have been set in Key West. Tennessee Williams and Ernest Hemingway, two of America’s greatest authors, lived here and drew inspiration from its beauty.
Music and Key West’s Historical Influence
Key West’s cultural and historical influences are reflected in its unique music scene. The local rhythms and tunes, a blend of different cultures, tell stories of the island’s past.
Famous Festivals with Historical Roots
Key West is famous for its vibrant and colorful festivals such as the Conch Republic Independence Celebration, reflecting its rich history and cultural diversity.
Resources to Learn History of Key West
Those interested in further exploring Key West’s history have a wealth of resources at their disposal.
Books and Literature on Key West History
There is a diverse array of books and literature available on Key West’s history. Works like “The Houses of Key West” by Alex Caemmerer and “A Key West Companion” by Christopher Cox provide illuminating insights into the island’s past.
Trusted Digital Resources
Reputable online sources, such as the Monroe County library archives and the Key West Historic Society, offer detailed insights into Key West’s rich historical tapestry.
Museums and Historic Tours in Key West
The island’s history can be further explored by visiting the numerous museums, like the Key West Shipwreck Museum, and going on historical tours across the island.
In conclusion, the history of Key West is a narrative of resilience, diversity, and cultural fusion. Each chapter of its history continues to shape the experiences of visitors and residents alike, making it a truly unique place in the world.
